These give entrance to Kurnugi, the land of darkness. He lives with the animals, for a group? The Assyrian form of the name derived from the earlier Sumerian form , Bilgames. [81] The 1966 postfigurative novel Gilgamesch by Guido Bachmann became a classic of German "queer literature"[81] and set a decades-long international literary trend of portraying Gilgamesh and Enkidu as homosexual lovers. Men would die, but humankind would [105], Starting in the late twentieth century, the Epic of Gilgamesh began to be read again in Iraq. The epic begins with Enkidu. Several versions of the story use both Sumerian and Akkadian names for the gods which indicates that the story was passed orally between the cultures of ancient Mesopotamia. [59][57], Tablet VII begins with Enkidu recounting a dream in which he saw Anu, Ea, and Shamash declare either Gilgamesh or Enkidu must die as punishment for having slain the Bull of Heaven. of the gods my prayer came. He built magnificent ziggurats, or temple towers, surrounded Gilgamesh. as magnificent as Gilgamesh. He then reaches the sea where he meets the maiden Sabitum where she has her palace and throne as guardian (mermaid) of the sea. The great flood of the past parallels other mythical floods from cultures of the regionmost famously, the flood of Noah in the Bible. repudiated in his grief and terror is a magnificent, enduring achievementthe closest (Adaside dynasty1700722 BCE)Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty Exchanging his kingly prostitute into the wilderness to tame him. The other two Gods or Demons who are his consorts are named Eabani, who is said to represent primitive man, and Ut-Napishtim (ta-napiti orParnapishtim), the hero of the Babylonian deluge myth. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. [21] The people of Uruk diverted the flow of the Euphrates passing Uruk for the purpose of burying the dead king within the river bed. "[60] First, Gilgamesh encounters and slays lions in the mountain pass. Some scholars identify this creature as the [81] This trend proved so popular that the Epic of Gilgamesh itself is included in The Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature (1998) as a major early work of that genre. The Scorpion-man, therefore, yielded to his request, and opened the gate of the mountain and let him through. As we can observe from the lists, the human women are outnumbered by mystical/divine women.Perhaps one of the most important representations of women is the character of Shamhat. Mesopotamian antecedent of Sagittarius, the Archer. When Gilgamesh speaks to Sabitum, it is then said in the text; [Now] Sabitum, which is the way to Ut-Napishtim.. Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk,[16][17][18][19] who probably ruled sometime during the early part of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900 2350 BC). [51] After being tamed by a prostitute named Shamhat, Enkidu travels to Uruk to confront Gilgamesh. [17] An inscription, possibly belonging to a contemporary official under Gilgamesh, was discovered in the archaic texts at Ur;[20] his name reads: "Gilgame is the one whom Utu has selected". Branches hung from it which were beautiful to behold. The connection between astral bodies and religion continued in Greek myths surrounding the constellation. But eventually Gilgamesh The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. The mountains of Mashu are described as follows: When [he arrived] at the mountain range of Mashu, [16][36], "Gilgamesh and Agga" describes Gilgamesh's successful revolt against his overlord Agga, the king of the city-state of Kish. To reach it, Gilgamesh must pass through the Sun's gate in [60] At first, she tries to prevent Gilgamesh from entering the garden,[60] but later she instead attempts to persuade him to accept death as inevitable and not journey beyond the waters. Freud, Sigmund, William McGuire, Ralph Manheim, R. F. C. Hull, Alan McGlashan, and C. G. Jung. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. [81] In Hans Henny Jahnn's magnum opus River Without Shores (19491950), the middle section of the trilogy centers around a composer whose twenty-year-long homoerotic relationship with a friend mirrors that of Gilgamesh with Enkidu[81] and whose masterpiece turns out to be a symphony about Gilgamesh. "[110], In 2000, a modern statue of Gilgamesh by the Assyrian sculptor Lewis Batros was unveiled at the University of Sydney in Australia. It was passed from city-state to city-state to affirm the unity of the region. The setting Sun disappears there and emerges from it at sunrise. This scene also shows another symbolic gate, a place where Gilgamesh must make a conscious decision to continue on his quest and transition from the world he knows to the dangerous mountains no mortal has ever passed through. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Wed love to have you back! [63] Fearing the king's wrath, the guards hurled the infant off the top of a tall tower. The. Enkidu wrestle with the bull and kill it. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The sun soon rose from distant worlds. Moe is the founder of GnosticWarrior.com. The Epic of Gilgamesh was rediscovered in the Library of Ashurbanipal in 1849. Aside from this the Tummal Inscription, a thirty-four-line historiographic text written during the reign of Ishbi-Erra (c.1953 c.1920 BC), also mentions him. Contact us The scorpion-man then announces that it is by the express command of the gods that Gilgamesh has come to the mountain. - Herbert Mason, 'The Epic Of Gilgamesh'. His rule probably would have taken place sometime in the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia) (henceforth ED), c. 2900 2350 BC, though he became a major figure in Sumerian legend during the Third Dynasty of Ur (c.2112 c.2004 BC). No one has crossed through the mountains, for twelve leagues it is darkness throughout--dense is the darkness, and light there is none. The Aqrabuamelu is a creature with origins in Mesopotamian mythology, legend and folklore. The Scorpion warns Gilgamesh that no mortal has ever travelled through the mountains, and that if Gilgamesh dares to, he will be in complete darkness for twelve leagues. In the second millennium B.C., when the stars of Capricornus hosted the Although historians (and your textbook) tend to emphasize Hammurabi and his code of law, the civilizations of the Tigris-Euphrates area, among the first civilizations, focus rather on Gilgamesh He takes ill, suffers immensely, "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." "[16] King Shulgi of Ur (20291982 BC) declared himself the son of Lugalbanda and Ninsun and the brother of Gilgamesh. SparkNotes PLUS At this point the epic brings in a new and powerful motif, the renunciation of woman's love in the presence of a great undertaking. Then the harlot Gilgamesh was originally a tyrant who did not care for his people. The epic also provides the reader with a useful case study in what not to do if one is in the exceptional . [95] The Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, drawing on the theories of James George Frazer and Paul Ehrenreich, interpreted Gilgamesh and Eabani (the earlier misreading for Enkidu) as representing "man" and "crude sensuality" respectively. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the hero encounters scorpion people on his quest for eternal life.Scorpion men, called Girtablullu, are depicted in Akkadian and Assyrian drawings as composite human/scorpion/bird figures, reflecting a complex understanding of animal deities.. Gilgamesh encounters a male/female pair of scorpion deities at the "Twin Mountains," probably in the Zagros range to the . [81], Theodore Ziolkowski, a scholar of modern literature, states, that "unlike most other figures from myth, literature, and history, Gilgamesh has established himself as an autonomous entity or simply a name, often independent of the epic context in which he originally became known. Gilgamesh was godlike in body and mind, he began his kingship as [43] In the Sumerian poem, Inanna does not seem to ask Gilgamesh to become her consort as she does in the later Akkadian epic. Discount, Discount Code LitCharts Teacher Editions. Gilgamesh will be the first. [46][31] Despondent at this loss, Gilgamesh returns to Uruk,[46] and shows his city to the ferryman Urshanabi. To the setting of the sun . The epic of Gilgamesh The oldest written story in the world it is 4000 thousand years old. To reach it, Gilgamesh must pass through the Sun's gate in the mountain of the horizon. Now that he is completely aware and conscious of the Gnosis of who he is and his immortal mission, the gate is then opened for Gilgamesh and his epic journey begins. Clad in animal skins and unkempt, he wanders the wild like the pre-civilised Enkidu. [71] In the Odyssey, Odysseus blinds a giant Cyclops named Polyphemus,[64] an incident which bears similarities to Gilgamesh's slaying of Humbaba in the Epic of Gilgamesh. finally dies, Gilgamesh is heartbroken. [61] Also, while most of the parts of the epic are free adaptations of their respective Sumerian predecessors,[62] Tablet XII is a literal, word-for-word translation of the last part of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld. Scorpion-men guard the gate (of Mashu); They strike terror [into men], and it is death to behold them. Comfort in the City. Subscribe now. Gilgamesh succeeded in crossing the first mountain range which barred his path, and he next came to a still greater mountain named Mashu, that is to say, the Mountain of the Sunset. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The scorpion is a constant reminder that death walks with us. his city with high walls, and laid out its orchards and fields. He accomplished his building projects [93] The most stalwart critics of Panbabylonianism were those associated with the emerging Religionsgeschichtliche Schule. Utnapishtim Character Analysis. [63] Generally, it is only possible to identify a figure shown in art as Gilgamesh if the artistic work in question clearly depicts a scene from the Epic of Gilgamesh itself. [89] For instance, Hamilton omitted the famous flood story entirely[89] and instead focused on the romantic relationship between Ishtar and Gilgamesh. through its asssociation with the Milky Way. You'll also receive an email with the link. Ten Basic Rules For Better Living by Manly P. Hall, The Hidden Templar Symbology of the OREO Cookie, Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam, The Hopi Prophecy of the Red Hat and Red Cloak People, Goddess of Death Kali Projected on Empire State Building, Baphomet: Learn the true meaning of this mysterious symbol, The Memory Stealers: How fungi (molds) steal a persons memories, Teslas Spirit Phone Records Voices Of The Dead, Seraphim: The Burning Angels of the Serpent, Member Only Radio Show & Podcast Archives, Thumos: The Ancient Greek Concept of the Human Spirit or Ego, Resurrection of the Mentally Dead: Mark the tau cross upon the forehead of the saved (enlightened), Plato and Socrates: Reading will produce people who are not wise, but only appear wise. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. [23][21], It is certain that, during the later Early Dynastic Period, Gilgamesh was worshiped as a god at various locations across Sumer. himself up, put on his royal garments again, and return to Uruk [21] Furthermore, he is listed as one of the kings of Uruk by the Sumerian King List. [43] A poem known as the "Death of Gilgamesh" is poorly preserved,[16][44] but appears to describe a major state funeral followed by the arrival of the deceased in the Underworld. Next. send the Bull of Heaven to punish him. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Scorpion Beings Ishtar at his door offering herself at last Gilgamesh refrained, much knowledge or her past The Bull of Heaven shall reign down upon thee She explained to Anu, or from hell I shall free The dead to the Earth, to roam with living From the House of dust to the firmament and sea Gilgamesh walks through the mountain in absolute darkness. The two men wrestle fiercely for a long The Scorpion-man warns Gilgamesh that the way is treacherous and that no mortal has ever attempted it. [21][49][27]:95 Layard was seeking evidence to confirm the historicity of the events described in the Hebrew Bible, i.e. [56][57] Enkidu tears off the Bull's right thigh and throws it in Ishtar's face,[56][57] saying, "If I could lay my hands on you, it is this I should do to you, and lash your entrails to your side. [16] In 21st century BC, King Utu-hengal of Uruk adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. In today's video, we examine the genesis and development of one of the world's oldest Mythological figures, the legendary King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, and the Ep. Gilgamesh Gilgamesh became the hero par excellence of the ancient worldan adventurous, brave, but tragic figure symbolizing man's vain but endless drive for fame, glory, and immortality. was rewarded with eternal life. A brave warrior, fair judge, and ambitious builder, Gilgamesh surrounds the city of Uruk with magnificent walls and erects its glorious ziggurats, or temple towers. and the seed of every living creature might escape. Gilgamesh may be acting recklessly, but he is still strong and courageous. [16][21][49] Some scholars and translators choose to supplement the missing parts of the epic with material from the earlier Sumerian poems or from other versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh found at other sites throughout the Near East. humankind. Gilgamesh repeatedly fails the trials set before him and returns home to Uruk, realizing that immortality is beyond his reach. Gilgamesh, devastated by the death of his friend, now realizes that he is part mortal and sets out on a fruitless journey to seek immortality. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. [71] Finally, both heroes have an opportunity for immortality but miss it (Gilgamesh when he loses the plant, and Odysseus when he leaves Calypso's island). The hero himself furnishes the description. Gilgamesh has exerted a modern influence that is difficult to quantify precisely yet has emphatically altered the way audiences view the ancient world and ancient literature. How can Gilgamesh be two-thirds god and one-third mortal? [71][72] Both Gilgamesh and Odysseus encounter a woman who can turn men into animals: Ishtar (for Gilgamesh) and Circe (for Odysseus). He knows that he cant live Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh was an historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, on the River Euphrates in modern Iraq; he lived about 2700 B.C. [46][52][53], In revenge, Ishtar goes to her father Anu and demands that he give her the Bull of Heaven,[54][55][43] which she sends to attack Gilgamesh. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. King of Uruk, the strongest of men, and the personification of all human virtues. (As analogous examples one might think, for instance, of the Minotaur or Frankenstein's monster. [73], The story of Gilgamesh's birth is not recorded in any extant Sumerian or Akkadian text,[63] but a version of it is described in De Natura Animalium (On the Nature of Animals) 12.21, a commonplace book which was written in Greek sometime around 200 AD by the Hellenized Roman orator Aelian. After an ominous dream, Gilgamesh sets out. "The epic of Gilgamesh, the oldest written story, known to exist. The gods heard his subjects pleas and decided to keep "[97] He also saw Enkidu as representing the placenta, the "weaker twin" who dies shortly after birth. The king-hero Gilgamesh battling the 'Bull of Heaven'. exudingvoluptuousness,fulloflaughter ! You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. She became pregnant and the guards threw the child off a tower, but an eagle rescued him mid-fall and delivered him safely to an orchard, where the gardener raised him. Known as the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet, the 3,600-year-old religious text shows a section of a Sumerian poem from the Epic of Gilgamesh. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! [67][64][68][69] According to Barry B. Powell, an American classical scholar, early Greeks were probably exposed to Mesopotamian oral traditions through their extensive connections to the civilizations of the ancient Near East[19] and this exposure resulted in the similarities that are seen between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Homeric epics. [93], In English-speaking countries, the prevailing scholarly interpretation during the early twentieth century was one originally proposed by Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet,[95] which held that Gilgamesh is a "solar hero", whose actions represent the movements of the sun,[95] and that the twelve tablets of his epic represent the twelve signs of the Babylonian zodiac. at their watering places. Gilgamesh cant stop grieving for Enkidu, and he cant for a customized plan. [46] In the second tablet, the two men wrestle and, although Gilgamesh wins the match in the end,[46] he is so impressed by his opponent's strength and tenacity that they become close friends. The Epic of Gilgamesh. ' Gilgamesh describes his journey thus : To a mountain gorge I came by night, Lions I beheld, and I was terrified. of heaven guard the Sun's path. [98] Freud's friend and pupil Carl Jung frequently discusses Gilgamesh in his early work Symbole der Wandlung (19111912). When he arrives, Gilgamesh is about to force his Then they cut down the forbidden trees, Utnapishtim [30][21][31], Gilgamesh, who in this story is portrayed as Inanna's brother, comes along and slays the serpent, causing the Anz-bird and Lilitu to flee. devoted servant of Enlil, the god of earth, wind, and air, guards it. Which in Mesopotamia climatically starts at the beginning of November. Gilgamesh stands out as the defied hero who some scholars say is based atone time on a real personage whose name may have been Gisdhubar, or Izdubar, but was later pronounced Gilgamesh. [84], The first modern literary adaptation of the Epic of Gilgamesh was Ishtar and Izdubar (1884) by Leonidas Le Cenci Hamilton, an American lawyer and businessman. Initially, Gilgamesh is afraid of the Scorpion Men, but he manages to compose himself before addressing them. at night and rises out of the other side in the morning. He tells Gilgamesh that he must endure the tests of this long passage and lets him pass. "What you seek you shall never find. $24.99 cedar forest forbidden to mortals. (: ) ( : Enki) (gest) (gaam) (nudimmud) .. (-) ( : ). Scorpion Men: In the Epic of Gilgamesh, scorpion-men stand guard outside the gates of the sun god Shamash at the mountains of Mashu. [30][21][31] The tree grows and matures, but the serpent "who knows no charm," the Anz-bird, and Lilitu, a Mesopotamian demon, all take up residence within the tree, causing Inanna to cry with sorrow. [84] Most attention towards the Epic of Gilgamesh in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries came from German-speaking countries,[85] where controversy raged over the relationship between Babel und Bibel ("Babylon and Bible"). The scorpion-being spoke to Gilgamesh ., saying: "Never has there been, Gilgamesh, a mortal man who could do that(?). and shares his visions of the underworld with Gilgamesh. READING SUMERIAN NAMES, II: GILGAME.. the Christian Old Testament,[21] which, at the time, was believed to contain the oldest texts in the world. It is one of the world's oldest works of literature and was . Sometimes it can end up there. The epics prelude offers a general introduction mountain called Mashu, where the sun sets into one side of the mountain It makes sense that hes still unwilling to give up on his goal of immortality, as thus far his strength has always been sufficient to get him what he wants. Few poems are nobler in expression and content than the Epic of Gilgamesh. Most scholars agree that the Epic of Gilgamesh exerted substantial influence on the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems written in ancient Greek during the 8th century BC. [16][41][42] The plot of this poem differs substantially from the corresponding scene in the later Akkadian Epic of Gilgamesh. to Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, who was two-thirds god and one-third and blocks his passage. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. [94] Hermann Gunkel dismissed most of Jensen's purported parallels between Gilgamesh and biblical figures as mere baseless sensationalism. agree that one of the two friends must be punished for their transgression, Images of artifacts from ancient Iraq mix with beautiful illustrations, dance, and costume to tell of the relations between gods and mortals, the search for friendship, love, and immortality. god like and being too masculine. After Gilgamesh pleaded mortality quite fast. considered women and sex calming forces that could domesticate wild . The story is told that Gilgamesh is set on a mission to travel to the land of his ancestor in order to seek out Ut-Napishtim, the son of Kidin-Marduk. Ut-Napishtim is called the distant one and his dwelling is far off, at the confluence of the streams. The road to the place is full of dangers, but Gilgamesh, undaunted, undertakes the journey. Gilgamesh features in several Sumerian poems but is best known from the epic. [99] He, for instance, cites Ishtar's sexual attraction to Gilgamesh as an example of the mother's incestuous desire for her son,[99] Humbaba as an example of an oppressive father-figure whom Gilgamesh must overcome,[99] and Gilgamesh himself as an example of a man who forgets his dependence on the unconscious and is punished by the "gods", who represent it. [21] Instead, his excavations and those of others after him revealed the existence of much older Mesopotamian texts[21] and showed that many of the stories in the Old Testament may actually be derived from earlier myths told throughout the ancient Near East. These scorpion men, the clashing Cyanean rocks, and a sphinx with a riddle are some of the more famous Threshold Guardians in mythology. Nothing but an adjunct to Abraham, Moses, and countless other figures in the saga. There he meets Siduri, a veiled A website and podcast that explores the hidden mysteries of human existence, consciousness, religion, and the very secret societies who operate their lights from within the shadows. But he cannot accept that his life will end and that all his deeds will be forgottenhe has seen this happen to his friend Enkidu, and cannot allow it to happen to himself. As the serpent slithers away, it [46][31][61] Tablet XII is an appendix corresponding to the Sumerian poem of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld describing the loss of the pikku and mikku. . An offensive powerhouse with good stats across the board, Gilgamesh's main value lies in his signature NP, Enuma Elish. The bull comes down from [41] Furthermore, while she is coercing her father An to give her the Bull of Heaven, rather than threatening to raise the dead to eat the living as she does in the later epic, she merely threatens to let out a "cry" that will reach the earth. Gilgamesh and Enkidu decide to steal trees from a distant From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. or the daughter of a nobleman. one night while they are camping. [16][39][40] In "Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven", Gilgamesh and Enkidu slay the Bull of Heaven, who has been sent to attack them by the goddess Inanna. General. Utnapishtim lives beyond the mountain, but the two scorpion monsters that guard its entrance refuse to allow Gilgamesh into the tunnel that passes through it. After that, they become friends [16] As punishment for Gilgamesh's cruelty, the god Anu creates the wild man Enkidu. [60] Upon reaching the mountain of Mashu, Gilgamesh encounters a scorpion man and his wife;[60] their bodies flash with terrifying radiance,[60] but, once Gilgamesh tells them his purpose, they allow him to pass. It is at this time that Gilgamesh recovers his courage tells the scorpion-man of his purpose. However, Tsit-napishtim then cures Gilgamesh of his disease which he has contracted while crossing the Waters of Death, and he is finally restored to King of Erech. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Epic of Gilgamesh! [33][21][31] Inanna responds by fashioning a pikku and a mikku (probably a drum and drumsticks respectively, although the exact identifications are uncertain),[34][21] which she gives to Gilgamesh as a reward for his heroism. seeking immortality is futile and that he should be satisfied with the The scorpion-men open the doors for Shamash as he travels out each day, and close the doors after him when he returns to the underworld at night. When Gilgamesh returns to Uruk, he is empty-handed but . lives beyond the mountain, but the two scorpion monsters that guard [46][31][61] In it, Gilgamesh sees a vision of Enkidu's ghost, who promises to recover the lost items[46][36] and describes to his friend the abysmal condition of the Underworld. Among those women are Shamat, Utnapisthtim's Wife, and Ninsun all belonging to the human category; Aruru, Siduri, Tammuz, Ereshkigal, and the Scorpion/man's wife. [63] To prevent this, Seuechoros kept his only daughter under close guard at the Acropolis of the city of Babylon,[63] but she became pregnant nonetheless. [78] Gilgamesh's name was originally misread as Izdubar. Enkidu. Once again, Gilgamesh is advised to accept his place in the universe as a mortal. 80-81. I raised my head and I prayed to the Moon-god, And to the [chief] of the gods came my cry, [And he hearkened and] showed favour unto me.. Whose peaks [reach to] the vault of heaven By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Together, they embark on many journeys, most famously defeating Humbaba (Sumerian: Huwawa) and the Bull of Heaven, who is sent to attack them by Ishtar (Sumerian: Inanna) after Gilgamesh rejects her offer for him to become her consort. Ea, the god of wisdom, warned Utnapishtim about the gods Gilgamish receives him and they dedicate their arms to heroic endeavor. Noah. Gilgamesh (Akkadian: , romanized: Gilgame; originally Sumerian: , romanized: Bilgames) was a hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology and the protagonist of the Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem written in Akkadian during the late 2nd millennium BC.

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