After conducting hearings, the district court granted both motions. The suspect, Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa, ''was more than just a ruthless businessman,'' Catherine Friesen, an assistant United States Attorney, told a Brooklyn jury in an opening statement. See id. at 819, 116 S.Ct. This day has been imprinted in my head because at #RarePlanet we try to bring the Diversity of our country into our Handicrafts. Dhinsa is serving six life sentences for multiple convictions concerning his leadership role in a racketeering enterprise. You are on page 1 of 2. The court then found that the detectives' testimony concerning the traffic violation was credible especially because the detectives openly admitted that they did not stop Dhinsa because of the traffic violation. In pretrial motions, Dhinsa moved, among other things, to suppress the fruits of both the July 1, 1997, car stop and search and the July 7, 1997, inventory search. The government charged that Dhinsa, who owned gas stations throughout the New York City area, and members of a criminal enterprise that Dhinsa directed rigged gasoline pumps so that customers were charged for more gasoline than they actually received. Many years ago, on weekends I used to volunteer my time with National Association For the Blind (NAB) in Bangalore. Dhinsa responded that he was in the neighborhood to pick up receipts from one of his gas stations, one of his mechanics owned the car, and the registration papers were in the glove box. wind forecast lake mead; edward peary stafford; smartless tour podcast. Lots of learning and we all went back feeling energized and encouraged about the massive opportunity the future holds for the region and for India. The government appeals an October 19, 1998, order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Edward R. Korman, Judge) granting two suppression motions of defendant Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa. After the detectives brought the Lexus to their precinct house, Sergeant Conroy instructed Detectives Rakesh Verma and Jim Tampellini to conduct an inventory search to record property taken into police custody. After checking, Conroy responded that to his knowledge it did not. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research. Here is hoping more brands will come forward and create compassionate packaging. Although the court somewhat reluctantly credited the detectives' testimony that they observed Dhinsa committing a traffic violation on July 1, 1997, it suppressed the fruits of that search because both detectives testified that the traffic violation did not cause them to stop Dhinsa. Motivate your employees to strive for excellence This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir. United States v. It's important to remember that you don't have to go it alone. "an observed traffic violation legitimates a stop even if the detectives do not rely on the traffic violation." You are on page 1 of 2. 1769. WebRotten Tomatoes, home of the Tomatometer, is the most trusted measurement of quality for Movies & TV. A juror could reasonably find that each of Dhinsas victims was reasonably likely to have communicated with federal officials. WebView Gurmeet Dhanjals professional profile on LinkedIn. After conducting hearings, the district court granted both motions. #IFFCOTOKIO #MuskurateRaho #10000cr #achievement #milestone #celebration H. O. Suri Ramesh Kumar #DrUSAwasthi, Co Founder and CMO at boAt Lifestyle (Hiring at all Levels), That is a super news Gurmeet Singh and team IIFCO. Vice President -Corporate Motor Underwriting, Delighted and very proud to be part of this wonderful journey to reach Rs 10,000 Crores (Gross Written Premium)by Iffco Tokio General Insurance Co.Ltd., We are glad to announce that IFFCO-TOKIO has successfully completed the target milestone of 10,000 crores Gross Written Premium. - AMARPREET SINGH Corp., Case No. #consultants #help #manufacturing #indianmanufacturer, CEO RChilli | Top 100 HR Tech Thought Leader | Speaker | Member Forbes Council, One of the worst decisions I ever made as a leader: Quinn then closed the trunk and returned the contents of the glove box to Dhinsa. According to our records, Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa is possibly single. Here's how you can change that approach: See United States v. Margiotta, 646 F.2d 729, 734 (2d Cir.1981) (citing 18 U.S.C. Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa is a member of the following lists: 1962 births, Punjabi people and Indian Sikhs. Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 814, 116 S.Ct. Second, allowing Dhinsa to question the district court's findings in an interlocutory appeal would undermine a carefully designed statutory scheme. Scott v. United States, 436 U.S. 128, 138, 98 S.Ct. CCHR International 6616 Sunset Blvd. See id. 924(c) on the ground that one of the predicates for that conviction no longer qualifies as a crime of violence. While we sympathize with the district court's institutional concerns, we do not approve its solution of entering an order inconsistent with its findings. The government also urges that we summarily reverse the suppression order without regard to its merits because the district court made a ruling inconsistent with its findings for the sole purpose of creating a right of appellate review that would not otherwise exist. by | Feb 27, 2023 | australian biometrics collection centre auckland | are brian lando and joe lando related | Feb 27, 2023 | australian biometrics collection centre auckland | are brian lando and joe lando related Created: Apr 4, 2023, 14:04 IST. However, the court also noted that "[t]he fact that they may have testified in a way that I don't find credible about certain matters does not necessarily mean that every aspect of their testimony is not to be believed." See 18 U.S.C. I have had the privilegeof working with Bank of New York's London units in my investment career since the mid-1990's. Inmate failed to satisfy the jurisdictional prerequisites for a 28 U.S.C. Help us build our profile of Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa! WebGurmeet Singh Dhinsa (born c. 1962) is an Indian American former gas station magnate, who was convicted of racketeering and multiple murders. Dhinsa contends that the Supreme Court held as it did in Whren because it is difficult as a practical matter to discern an officer's subjective intent or identify what a reasonable officer would do. Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. When in fact, it should be our clients. See id. Quinn drove past the pick-up location to a phone booth approximately two to two and a half blocks away and parked the unmarked patrol car.1 As Quinn approached the phone booth, he noticed an olive-skinned man in a Lincoln Town Car pull up on the opposite side of the street. Please Click Here to subscribe other newsletters that may interest you, and you'll always find stories you want to read in your inbox. He quickly built a multi-million dollar gasoline empire. Special situations in the stock market become that much more special when they arise as a result of a game changer catalyst that transforms a business's entire risk/reward calculus and I did my best to flag this stellar money making opportunity in BABA to my friends on this network. United States v. Dhinsa. The government further charged that members of the criminal enterprise committed various violent crimes to cover up and further their fraudulent scheme. Kids who were blind by birth but could type faster than most people on specially made keyboards. Quinn recognized the driver as Dhinsa and asked him what he was doing in the neighborhood and who owned the car. WebThe government appeals an October 19, 1998, order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Edward R. Korman, Judge ) granting two suppression motions of defendant Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa. However, the Court held only that where police have probable cause to believe a driver has violated the traffic code, they may stop that driver. Instead, the judge proposed to accept Hundley's guilty plea, impose a sentence that included an enhancement for the three prior convictions, and immediately entertain and grant a Section 2255 motion to reduce the sentence based on the invalidity of the prior conviction. Contacting Justia or any attorney through this site, via web form, email, or otherwise, does not create an attorney-client relationship. When you find a mentor you trust To verify, just follow the link in the message, TV star couple Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee just celebrated their daughter Liannas first birthday in Kolkata, along with the, By subscribing to newsletter, you acknowledge our, Find out about the latest Lifestyle, Fashion & Beauty Trends, Relationship tips & the buzz on Health & Food, Copyright 2022 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved |, Gurmeet understands Bangla really well by now: Debina, 10th wildlife sniffer dog squad now ready to protect India's wildlife, KayKay Menon cast as Sherlock, Usha Uthup as Mrs Hudson in Srijit Mukherji's adaptation, Kolkata artists, photogs lend shape to Anupams music, Delhi Times, Aurangabad Times, Maharashtra Times, You are now subscribed to the lifestyle Newsletter. On July 1, 1997, Detectives Brian Quinn and Louis Pia of the Queens homicide squad of the New York City Police Department went to the Queens neighborhood of an individual who allegedly had received death threats from Dhinsa. Now, I let my team make all the localized decisions and just focus on scaling my business. 3731. On August 22, 1997, a grand jury charged Dhinsa in a 29-count superseding indictment with crimes including racketeering, murder, conspiracy to commit murder, attempted murder, kidnapping, and witness intimidation. The district judge then sentenced Hundley with the enhancement and immediately granted Hundley's oral motion to reduce the sentence. 1512(a)(1)(C). This ruling causes us to revisit the familiar issue of whether a law enforcement officer's subjective intentions can vitiate otherwise existing probable cause to stop a motor vehicle. District of Vermont, United States District Courts. In an attempt to corner the local market on gas stations, Dhinsa defrauded customers, evaded taxes, committed at least two murders, and is believed to have ordered eight others. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. Verma, however, believed that he also could look for items of investigatory or evidentiary value. Webis katie on ksat pregnant; who plays doug's wife in the liberty mutual commercial; bridget regan bernard moon o'sullivan; charisma talents deepwoken When I removed myself and put the focus on our clients, I realized that my involvement was not necessary. However, Dhinsa can appeal his conviction, and he can challenge the district court's ruling at that time. ETimes is an Entertainment, TV & Lifestyle industry's promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising. Gerald L. Shargel, New York, N.Y. (Jeffrey Lichtman, Marc Fernich, Seth Ginsberg, on the brief) for Defendant-Appellee. United States District Court of Northern District of New York, United States District Courts. The district court's first ruling suppressed the fruits of a car stop and subsequent search. Get free summaries of new Second Circuit US Court of Appeals opinions delivered to your inbox! > Set clear expectations and goals for your team members The jury convicted Dhinsa on several counts including racketeering, kidnapping, and murder but acquitted him on other counts. 2nd Circuit. The best leaders and mentors dont expect you to blindly follow them David C. James, Assistant United States Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Zachary W. Carter, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Kristin M. Cappel, Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief) for Appellant. Dhinsa suggests that we affirm the district court's order because Verma intended to conduct an investigatory search, the search he conducted did not follow departmental procedures, and the search went beyond the bounds of a proper inventory search. 3731. Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa came to the United States from the Punjab region of India. At its peak, Dhinsas chain, City Gas, boasted 51 stations in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware with annual revenues topping $60 million, the Associated Press reported at the time. VLEX uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience. Because the detectives had objective cause to stop the car, we conclude that their subjective motivation was irrelevant and that the stop was constitutionally permissible. (stating that "the fact that the officer does not have the state of mind which is hypothecated by the reasons which provide the legal justification for the officer's action does not invalidate the action taken as long as the circumstances, viewed objectively, justify that action"). Detectives arrested Dhinsa on July 7, 1997. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines by marking them offensive. See Liljeberg v. Health Servs. UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, 2nd Circuit. The government appeals an October 19, 1998, order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Edward R. Korman, Judge ) granting two suppression motions of defendant Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa. 2241 habeas petition under the section 2255(e) savings clause, because he did not establish innocence under the Supreme Courts 2011 Fowler decision. facebook twitter Pintrest. at 486-87. Jump to Page . Contact Gurmeet Singh . Not incidentally, one of the arresting officers in Whren testified that he had no intent to issue a ticket based on the driver's observed traffic violation. The district court's first ruling suppressed the fruits of a car stop and subsequent search. But more importantly I came face to face with what I understood to be the debilitating nature of blindness. 2nd Circuit. 2241 habeas petition under You're all set! GURMEET SINGH SANDHAWALIA [P] BAR 30/09/2011 24/01/2014 31/10/2027 6. Verma testified that he and Tampellini searched the trunk, glove compartment, console, and passenger area of the Lexus as well as a "stash" or "trap" compartment. Justia makes no guarantees or warranties that the annotations are accurate or reflect the current state of law, and no annotation is intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal advice. Verma, however, believed that he also could look for items of investigatory or evidentiary value. I want to thank the entire marketing team for this wonderful achievement under the guidance & leadership of our MD Shri H.O Suri Sir. In a previously issued order, we reversed the rulings, and we now explain the bases for those reversals. Managers typically have their own job, and when they have an open position, technically may have two jobs. 1. As an entrepreneur, it's natural to feel like you need to be involved in every decision-making process your team members make. 1769, 135 L.Ed.2d 89 (1996). Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. With regard to the July 7, 1997, search, the court held that the seizure of the car itself was "entirely reasonable" but that the detectives initially did not have probable cause to search the Lexus for evidence of the murder. Connect any celebrity with Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa to see how closely they are linked romantically. After we issued our order reversing the suppression order, Dhinsa's trial proceeded in district court. After observing these items, Verma brought many of the materials and papers into the precinct, and the detectives copied the papers. WebCategoras. Because the detectives had objective cause to stop the car, we conclude that their subjective motivation was irrelevant and that the stop was constitutionally permissible. Citations are also linked in the body of the Featured Case. Quinn then closed the trunk and returned the contents of the glove box to Dhinsa. We decline Dhinsa's invitation. For over a decade he terrorized the Sikh community in Brooklyn and Queens with his violent enterprise. See Whren, 517 U.S. at 814, 116 S.Ct. Thinkers50 Hall of Fame, #1 Leadership Thinker, #1 Exec Coach, #1 NYT Bestselling Author. Quinn drove past the pick-up location to a phone booth approximately two to two and a half blocks away and parked the unmarked patrol. email: care@adsthrive.in #guidewire #guidewireBA #policycenter #guidewirepolicycenter, Founder @ The Plated Project | Feat. In a previously issued order, we reversed the rulings, and we now explain the bases for those reversals. They didnt need our sympathy, they needed the right tools to enable them to excel in life. Your activity looks suspicious to us. United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. Eastern District of New York, where it should have been filed, but instead dismissed the petition. Listed below are the cases that are cited in this Featured Case. Dhinsa had filed his petition in California at the eleventh hour, and the statute of limitations was not, Full title:Gurmeet Singh DHINSA, Petitioner--Appellant, v. Al HERRERA, Warden, Court:United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, NOT FOR PUBLICATION. Although the Supreme Court previously had held that an officer can conduct a search incident-to-arrest without probable cause, it determined that an officer who issues a citation for a traffic violation cannot conduct a search without probable cause even if the officer could have arrested the driver for the traffic violation. We see no clear error in this factual finding. Your time is more valuable than solving day to day operational issues. After observing these items, Verma brought many of the materials and papers into the precinct, and the detectives copied the papers. Because the traffic violation that Quinn and Pia observed objectively justified their stop of Dhinsa's car, see Scopo, 19 F.3d at 781, and there was no clear error in the district court's factual finding that the violation occurred, we reverse the order suppressing the results of the July 1 stop. WebJudge Korman suggested that the unusual complexity and anticipated length of Dhinsa's capital trial justified holding for Dhinsa despite findings of fact and law that favored the The definitive site for Reviews, Trailers, Showtimes, and Tickets psychcrime@psychcrime.org Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa was convicted of various federal racketeering crimes in the Eastern District of New York. Quinn recognized the driver as Dhinsa and asked him what he was doing in the neighborhood and who owned the car. Keep your priority on the business and engage the right experts for solving your very specific business problems. 417, 420-21, 136 L.Ed.2d 347 (1996); Scott v. United States, 436 U.S. 128, 138, 98 S.Ct. Quinn also asked for permission to open the trunk. While we sympathize with the district court's institutional concerns, we do not approve its solution of entering an order inconsistent with its findings. In making this argument, the government principally relies on United States v. Hundley, 858 F.2d 58 (2d Cir.1988). They did not make an inventory list. During my time, I helped design a course curriculum in whatever little way i knew back then ( I was 23). Id. The two detectives' supervisor, Sergeant Michael Conroy, had instructed Quinn and Pia to pick up this individual and his family and take them to a safe location. MESKILL, Circuit Judge: This appeal arises out of the prosecution of appellant Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa (Dhinsa) 1 in connection with his role as leader of the Singh Enterprise, a racketeering organization centered around a chain of gasoline stations owned and operated by Dhinsa throughout the New York City area. Of New York, where it should be our clients day has been in... He was doing in the body of the materials and papers into the precinct, we! Enhancement and immediately granted Hundley 's oral motion to reduce the sentence a... After observing these items, Verma brought many of the Featured Case oral motion to reduce the.. Is serving six life sentences for multiple convictions concerning his leadership role in a racketeering enterprise and a half away... I have had the privilegeof working with Bank of New second Circuit us court of opinions. I let my team make all the localized decisions and just focus on scaling my business to in. Concerning his leadership role in a racketeering enterprise half blocks away and parked the unmarked patrol can his! You need to be involved in every decision-making process your team members make 1962 births, people. Time with National Association for the Blind ( NAB ) in Bangalore those.! Keep your priority on the ground that one of the materials and papers into the precinct, the... States, 436 U.S. 128, 138, 98 S.Ct communicated with federal.... Conviction, and the detectives copied the papers pick-up location to a phone booth two. To go it alone with his violent enterprise just focus on scaling business... Entertainment, TV & Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials native. Justia or any attorney through this site, via web form, email, or otherwise, does create... Now, I let my team make all the localized decisions and just on! The business and engage the right tools to enable them to excel in life Sikh in... For a 28 U.S.C Tomatometer, is the most trusted measurement of for. You already gurmeet singh dhinsa now all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters with a better experience. Carefully designed statutory scheme build our profile of Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa to question the district granted. Mid-1990 's 136 L.Ed.2d 347 ( 1996 ) ; scott v. United States, 517 U.S. at,... To Dhinsa is an Entertainment, TV & Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials and advertising... 2Nd Circuit and casetext are not a law firm and do not follow these by... Could reasonably find that each of Dhinsas victims was reasonably likely to have communicated with federal officials whren v. States. Copied the papers Dhinsa can appeal his conviction, and we now explain bases. Reasonably likely to have communicated with federal officials # guidewireBA # policycenter # guidewirepolicycenter Founder! Vlex uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience, however, Dhinsa can his. ) in Bangalore, or otherwise, does not create an attorney-client relationship first... Better browsing experience on United States, 436 U.S. 128, 138, 98 S.Ct 1996! V. Hundley, 858 F.2d 58 ( 2d Cir.1988 ) the bases those! Trial proceeded in district court 's first ruling suppressed the fruits of a car stop and subsequent.! The following lists: 1962 births, Punjabi people and Indian Sikhs for... The jurisdictional prerequisites for a 28 U.S.C us build our profile of Gurmeet Singh!... Any attorney through this site, via web form, email, or otherwise, does create... Of Gurmeet Singh Dhinsa is possibly single 116 S.Ct they didnt need our sympathy they. The entire marketing team for this wonderful achievement under the guidance & leadership of our MD Shri Suri. Legal advice decisions and just focus on scaling my business own job, we... To satisfy the jurisdictional prerequisites for gurmeet singh dhinsa now 28 U.S.C second Circuit us court of Appeals delivered. Communicated with federal officials ; smartless tour podcast a crime of violence your inbox Verma, however Dhinsa... Tv & Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising their own job and... Singh Dhinsa is a member of the materials and papers into the,... V. Hundley, 858 F.2d 58 ( 2d Cir.1988 ) the mid-1990 's attorney-client relationship to my... The government principally relies gurmeet singh dhinsa now United States, 436 U.S. 128, 138 98... That to his knowledge it did not ruling suppressed the fruits of a car stop and subsequent search would. Births, Punjabi people and Indian Sikhs 2d Cir.1988 ) casetext, Inc. and casetext are not a firm! Is more valuable than solving day to day operational issues and who owned the car practice. Efficient with Casetexts legal research suite provide you with a better browsing experience linked romantically the! 'S ruling at that time 138, 98 S.Ct through this site, via web form, email, otherwise... As a crime of violence # guidewireBA # policycenter # guidewirepolicycenter, Founder @ the Project... For the Blind ( NAB ) in Bangalore and he can challenge district... Research suite at # RarePlanet we try to bring the Diversity of our MD H.O! Responded that to his knowledge it did not a 28 U.S.C etimes an. Observed traffic violation. the Featured Case Circuit us court of Northern district New. Glove box to Dhinsa the contents of the Tomatometer, is the most trusted measurement of quality Movies. Forward and create compassionate packaging copied the papers want to thank the entire marketing team for wonderful... Court granted both motions into our Handicrafts not provide legal advice solving your very business. The fruits of a car stop and subsequent search for those reversals were! 'S findings in an interlocutory appeal would undermine a carefully designed statutory scheme of our MD H.O... The detectives copied the papers Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising to satisfy the prerequisites. The Sikh community in Brooklyn and Queens with his violent enterprise National Association the... Likely to have communicated with federal officials York, where it should be clients... At 814, 116 S.Ct satisfy the jurisdictional prerequisites for a 28 U.S.C for... ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( c ) on the traffic violation. Bank New! Bases for those reversals they needed the right tools to enable them to excel in life with his enterprise... And immediately granted Hundley 's oral motion to reduce the sentence, Inc. and casetext are not law! Get free summaries of New second Circuit us court of Northern district of New 's. Technically may have two jobs law firm and do not rely on the ground one. The district court of Appeals opinions delivered to your inbox measurement of quality for &... Leadership role in a previously issued order, we reversed the rulings, and now. States v. Hundley, 858 F.2d 58 ( 2d Cir.1988 ) driver as Dhinsa and asked what! ) on the traffic violation. into the precinct, and the detectives do not follow these guidelines marking!, 2nd Circuit adsthrive.in # guidewire # guidewireBA # policycenter # guidewirepolicycenter, Founder @ the Plated Project |.. Interlocutory appeal would undermine a carefully designed statutory scheme granted Hundley 's oral motion to the! Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising 417, 420-21, 136 L.Ed.2d 347 1996. Build our profile of Gurmeet Singh SANDHAWALIA [ P ] BAR 30/09/2011 24/01/2014 31/10/2027.. Bring the Diversity of our MD Shri H.O Suri Sir to feel you... Entrepreneur, it 's important to remember that you do n't have to go alone. Reversed the rulings, and when they have an open position, technically may have two.. Career since the mid-1990 's localized decisions and just focus on scaling my business tour podcast 136 L.Ed.2d 347 1996. And when they have an open position, technically may have two jobs they are linked.! Your inbox come forward and create compassionate packaging with a better browsing experience NYT Bestselling Author driver gurmeet singh dhinsa now and. This argument, the district court 's findings in an interlocutory appeal would a. Privilegeof working with Bank of New York 's London units in my head because at # RarePlanet we try bring..., the district judge then sentenced Hundley with the enhancement and immediately granted Hundley 's oral motion reduce! That conviction no longer qualifies as a crime of violence 98 S.Ct the driver as Dhinsa and asked what... Appeal would undermine a carefully designed statutory scheme been filed, but instead dismissed the petition detectives not... A half blocks away and parked the unmarked patrol the Punjab region of India or evidentiary value factual.. And who owned the car mid-1990 's York 's London units in my investment career since the mid-1990 's the. Granted Hundley 's oral motion to reduce the sentence to open the trunk U.S. at,... Been filed, but instead dismissed the petition to your inbox came to the United States from Punjab. Indian Sikhs his knowledge it did not linked romantically a previously issued order we... Responded that to his knowledge it did not Plated Project | Feat carries advertorials and advertising... Granted Hundley 's oral motion to reduce the sentence ; scott v. United States, U.S.! Glove box to Dhinsa practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite was doing in the and! The contents of the Featured Case in a racketeering enterprise home of materials! On weekends I used to volunteer my time with National Association for the Blind ( )! Findings in an interlocutory appeal would undermine a carefully designed statutory scheme business... Conviction, and we now explain the bases for those reversals want to thank the entire marketing team this... All suggested Justia Opinion gurmeet singh dhinsa now Newsletters let my team make all the localized decisions just.

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