(30) And what have we to oppose to them? 0000002858 00000 n How, in this sentence, does Henry suggest that his listeners can trust him? Find an example of asyndeton in this paragraph. He believes the British represent Judas and that while they will appear brotherly to the Colonies they will betray, leading to Colonial downfall. In sentence 54 he appeals to Logos and pathos by citing "three millions of people (logos) armed in the holy cause of liberty (pathos), and in such a country as that which we possess (pathos, patriotism).". (58) Besides, sir, we have no election. Henry delivered his 1775 speech at St. Johns Church in Richmond, Virginia. What does "solace" mean? The purpose expresses that the battle is not only for the strong people who just want to fight, but that it is for the vigilant, active and brave people who want to fight the battle for a reason. "There is a just God who presides over the destinies of the nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us". ", "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.". 6. (23) These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort. How does he convey a ironic tone? trailer (73) Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 0000003083 00000 n Such a statement implies that there is no middle groundthere are no other alternatives. It combines the written word with music and has a unique ability to capture our imagination like no other medium. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? These are the implements of war; the last arguments to which kings resort. (sentences 20 and 23). What does "give me liberty or give me death" mean? Log in here. Hoping that the war will not come, and lack of action is all in vain. 17. (8) Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. Henry is saying that to listen to this call, this illusion of hope, even though it is tempting, will prove fatal and transform the Convention into something unable to reason and act (beasts). However, in my humble opinion, the line doesnt pop. For one thing, poets tend to reveal personal parts of themselves, the parts that are usually hidden in everyday interactions yet are always lurking beneath the surface. He clearly indicates that he chooses the second option. What does he contrast? He sees no middle ground between a war for freedom from Great Britain or being ground down under the heel of tyranny. Henry uses multiple biblical allusions with which his educated audience would be familiar. Poetry is one of the most sublime art forms imaginable. 0000002338 00000 n 39. He uses ironic rhetorical questions questions that convey the opposite of what he attempts to argue. In this lesson students will deconstruct Patrick Henrys famous speech to explore the tools of effective persuasion, including appeals, rhetorical strategies, and classical argument. (70) Why stand we here idle? (7) Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offence, I should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the majesty of heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings. For permission requests, please contact NHC Education Programs. In sentence 1 Henry acknowledges the patriotism of the members of the House who have just spoken. The refutatio presents and refutes counter arguments. -To inspire: "Give me liberty or give me death" (sentence 75). How does Henry's final statement, "Give me liberty or give me death" represent the courage of both Henry and his audience? He is moving his audience away from the position of illusive hope that they may have held at the beginning of his speech toward another position. In order to avoid any interference from British troops, the Second Convention of approximately 120 delegates met in Richmond, Virginia, from March 20 through March 27. Anyway, one reason this phrase has been immortalized is its use of antithesis. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of antithesis is Patrick Henry's final line of his speech: "Give me liberty or give me death!" The first paragraph of classical argument, the exordium, seeks to engage the audience and prepare them to hear the speakers message. Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. (60) There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Find an example of slave imagery in this paragraph. Hx* Henry is saying that the British are clearly preparing for war, no matter what they may protest to the contrary, and therefore, the colonists need to be prepared as well. Another comparison that is seen in the speech is correlating to King George as a siren. Henry used not only rhetorical devices but also the strategies of classical argument, making a potentially confusing situation simple and straightforward as he attempted to move all his fellow delegates toward the same result. What does Henry mean by "awful moment" in sentence 4? Henry delivered his argument on March 23, 1775 to the Virginia House of Burgesses after several other speakers who preceded him spoke of the need for continued diplomatic negotiations between the colonies and Great Britain. In his question, he depicts the people's lack of action towards war as "lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot". For more information on text complexity see these resources from achievethecore.org. He is emphasizing the time-sensitive nature of this debate and establishing the importance of immediate, serious discussion rather than a postponement of the issue (recall that some members of the Convention wished to wait until negotiations had run their course before beginning military preparedness). The effect of this contrast is to cause the House to think about his final words and be inspired to come to action. Find at least one example of hypophora in this paragraph and explain its contribution to Henrys argument. Speech to the Second Virginia Convention. According to Henry, which will his argument contain and which will it NOT contain? Here are some examples of antithesis used in everyday speech: Go big or go home. This ironic tone is conveyed with all his rhetorical questions. In sentences 70 through 73 Henry asks a series of questions, "Why stand we here idle? I am the proud owner of linguaholic.com. The two contrasting ideas are small step for man and giant leap for mankind.. Patrick Henry, speech to the Virginia Convention, March 23, 1775, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/patrick.asp, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/det.4a26383/, http://www.richmond.com/image_d0936222-3d78-11e2-9cd8-001a4bcf6878.html, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.34917/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Henry#/media/File:Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b50326/, Lexington and Concord: Tipping Point of the Revolution, ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.1 (cite evidence to analyze specifically and by inference), ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.4 (determine the meaning of words and phrases), ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.6 (determine authors point of view), Key Concept 3.1 (IIB) (arguments about rights of British subjects, the rights of the individual,), The first two paragraphs form the introduction (, The third paragraph provides the statement of fact (, The fourth paragraph presents and refutes counter arguments (, The final paragraph forms the conclusion (, Text analysis and close reading questions. In this lesson you will look at Patrick Henrys speech and analyze his methods for convincing his fellow members of the Virginia Convention to take a military stance against the British. The main function of antithesis in a speech is to give emphasis to an idea by placing it next to a contrasting idea. Patrick Henry, former governor of Virginia, bravely spoke on the 23rd of March, 1775, at St. John's Church, introducing his strategies to end the American Revolution in victory. Since were on the subject of contrasting ideas, it is worth taking a look at a few other literary devices that are usually confused with antithesis. Henry first mentions slavery in paragraph one when he contrasts it with freedom. It relies on parallel phrases, remember? Hence, whereas antithesis is always about contrast and difference, juxtaposition can be about difference, but it can also be about similarities. He means this is no time to simply say things because they might sound conciliatory, since ceremonies are often for visual display rather than actual action. Solace is comfort during a time of distress. Why does he use the term ceremony? Major premise [A]: We must either talk or fight to achieve results. It illustrates the positive qualities of the people fighting in the battle. What allusion does Henry use in sentence 9 when he says "listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts?" Many other members of the convention want to remain humble and respectful towards Britain and negotiate a treaty. Find an example of Henrys return to an image of slavery at the end of this paragraph. Even though he is a fellow member of the Convention, he uses a rhetorical shift to explain that what he will say from that point on will be different than that heard before. (14) I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. Latest answer posted October 05, 2018 at 2:33:54 PM. Antithesis is not opposition to creating a thesis as part of an academic program, though we sympathize if you are, in fact, anti-thesis in pursuit of that masters degree. There is no longer any room for hope." What does Henry mean by awful moment in sentence 4? He reminds his audience that he, like them, is a believer and is trustworthy. Metonomy and synecdoche are special types of metaphors. Henry states that the privileges of the people will be taken away. (72) What would they have? The time for vacillation is over; there is no longer any point in trying to compromise with the British. Of course, Henry does not actually suggest that the people take on this action, because he is implying that this kind of action is totally wrong. How does Henry shift from a ironic tone back to his urgent argument? Henry lists several negotiation attempts by colonists and British responses. Henry seeks to engage his audience by showing his respect for them. Thus, there are only two options left: success or failure in war against Britain. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer He states in sentence 68, "the next gale will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms.". 40. 11. Henry uses parallelism (structuring phrases in similar fashion) several times in this paragraph. This also shows his opinion on how hoping is an illusion that does not benefit, and that action is necessary or else the British will attack and bound them. In asking these questions Henry's purpose is to encourage the listener and emphasize his point. He again sets up a choice for his audience. 7. Antithesis is a tool that pits two opposing ideas against each other, and the result is a contrasting effect that highlights an overarching meaning. To better understand what that was all about, lets take a look at a few classic examples. (68) The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Cambia la siguientes oracin a preguntas. The time for vacillation is over; there is no longer any point in trying to compromise with the British. 0000004778 00000 n Americans began to greatly support his political ideology. This shows that their chains are meant for only the Americans to be chained and that the "war is inevitable". xb```"Veah`0-:ov;gatI\$KID)n'*,2DUHCxbKZKbA%>H2Xf`XKt|yN*0cn{ Y@ 0 How does Henry attempt to connect the fate of Virginia to that of Boston, and why would he wish to make this connection? What does he contrast? It will not include hope, because Henry explains that in order to move forward and obtain liberty, they must be fully aware of the issues at hand. When using parallelism, you are replicating the same exact sentence structure. Patrick Henry, former governor of Virginia, bravely spoke on the 23rd of March, 1775, at St. John's Church, introducing his strategies to end the American Revolution in victory. You can find it on YouTube. He prepares his audience by expresses the hope that they will show him the same respect when he states in sentence 2, "I hope it will not be thought disrespectful" Even though he will be speaking contrary to what has been previously presented, he reminds his audience that they are all colleagues by referring to the entire group, as in sentence 6, "we can hope to arrive at the truth.". He anticipates the argument that the Colonies are too weak to fight. In sentences 70 through 73, Henry uses a series of questions which directly challenge his fellow delegates. In sentence 58, what does Henry mean by we have no election? Juxtaposition means to put two elements side by side, often for comparison. This is a persuasive speech, one intended not only to present an argument but also to persuade the audience to act. This was an either/or choice with nothing in between, and a traitor's death was quite likely if the patriot efforts failed. "We have no election" (Par. What purpose does Henry establish, and to what is he appealing in order to emphasize this purpose? In this antithesis, Henry is putting forward two radically distinct visions of America's future before his listeners and demanding that they choose between them. Spicy food is heaven on the tongue but hell in the tummy. He recognizes and compliments the patriotism and abilities of the other members of the Convention in his first sentence (note that Henry continues to address the body as the House). In sentence 7 he enumerates his own ethics, stating that he must speak now or be guilty of both treason to his country and disloyalty to the majesty of heaven. This reaffirms his trustworthiness with his audience. Henry continues to use "gentlemen" in this paragraph. The passing of the Stamp Act by the British crown in 1765 triggered the start of a major revolution. In addition, Henry is hoping to imply that since he is also a member of the Convention that they will give him and his ideas the same respect. Henry shifts tone in the beginning of this paragraph to irony, the use of language that conveys the opposite of the intended meaning. Consider petition (to bring written grievances) versus remonstrate (to forcefully protest) versus supplicate (to beg earnestly or humbly) versus prostrate (to totally submit) versus implore (to beg desperately). Tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament (sentence 40) is synecdoche, representing the British government. If I were forced to write out exactly what Armstrong meant with his quote, it would be something like this. 23. Henry returns to the metaphor of slavery to strengthen his argument regarding not taking action. (52) Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? His speech reflected language and actions far more radical that his fellow delegates were willing to go in public, but Henry based his request upon the assumption that even more aggressive military actions by the British would soon follow. Cite an example from the text of each of these four purposes. xref For more information about syllogisms, see Understanding Syllogisms. The provenance of the speech notwithstanding, Henrys words provide a rich source to study rhetorical strategies and classical argument, and that study is the focus of this lesson. They are used in Patrick Henry's extemporaneous speech "Give Me Liberty, or Give me Death." Henry, a revolutionary leader, made this speech at the meeting of the Virginia convention on March 23, 1775. (19) Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with these war-like preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. He chooses verbs that are increasingly dramatic to remind his audience that the Colonies have tried everything without result. Why does he make this connection? Patrick Henry is not speaking in the Virginia House of Burgesses [the state legislature] in Williamsburg because it had been dissolved the year before by Royal Governor Dunmore. Patrick Henry was born May 29, 1736, he lived his life defending people who couldn't defend themselves and became a attorney. Henry's feet are guided by one lamp and that is the lamp of experience. "There is no longer any room for hope. (13) I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. He delivered it on July 5, 1852 to the women of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society--and in that speech youll find a number of striking examples of antithesis. (32) Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. The first paragraph of classical argument, the exordium, seeks to engage the audience and prepare them to hear the speaker's message. in. are some examples of antithesis and what kind of emphasis does it create? They feed, they move around, and some of them can think depending on which movie you are watching. Sententia, especially useful in speeches, is an argumentative device that uses sound to sum up an argument. But, how does poetry do all of this? eNotes Editorial, 5 Oct. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/where-is-antithesis-in-patrick-henry-s-speech-to-510726. What is the counterclaim to Patrick Henry's Speech to the Virginia Convention? Suffice to say, Henry has already made his choice; he'd rather die fighting for liberty than live in chains. In sentence one, Henry acknowledges patriotism of all people speaking to the house. The main point of the "if then" statement in paragraph 3 explains that if they want independence, then they have to fight. Its like having a boat with a strong motor, but then you shut off the motor and hope the current will be strong enough to take you where you need to go. In sentence 7 Henry argues on the basis of "ethos," which is Greek for "character." "Give me liberty or give me death," is a quote from Patrick Henry's famous speech delivered March 23, 1775 to the members of the Virginia Congress. (74) Forbid it, Almighty God! 3. Saint Johns Church, Richmond, Virginia, where Patrick Henry delivered his famous speech. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. Peter F. Rothermel, Patrick Henrys Treason speech before the House of Burgesses, 1851. (33) Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? His use of pronouns reinforces the idea that the chains heard in Boston are also the chains of Virginians. This indicates the courage that Henry displays by making the speech and by implication he recognizes the courage that will be necessary for his fellow delegates to take action. On March 23, 1775, he asked the Virginia Convention to take a defensive stance immediately against Great Britain by raising an armed company in every Virginia county an action considered by many to be open treason. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune While most argue optimistically about reconciliation with Britain, Henry argues that such a position is impossible. What is his purpose in first asking if they are disposed to see not, and hear not and then stating, I am willing to know the whole truth: to know the worst, and to provide for it? 41. By eliminating other options he is focusing his argument. Henry states that he is willing to suffer a traitor's death rather than be denied liberty. He is unwilling to accept anything less than liberty, and he will fight to the death to win it. This comparison is explaining how the king will draw them in as well as forcing them into transforming their country if they chose to listen to his actions.

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