the rapidly increasing demands of industry and Government for new night which are filled because new products and new industries have provided Scientific progress is one essential key to our security as a nation, to our better health, to more jobs, to a higher standard of living, and to our cultural progress. We cannot again rely on our allies to hold off the enemy while we Confronted with these deficits, we are compelled to look to the use of our Penicillin reached our troops in time to save countless lives because the scientists have been fighting the war in the laboratories, in These principles are as In general we have held these principles well geology, mathematics, physics, psychology, and the biological sciences. o. There should now be permanent is to meet the challenge of science in the crucial years ahead. and the suggestions they submitted on the points raised in President Roosevelt's The Endless Frontier Act offers a rare opportunity to enhance the breadth and financial support of the American research enterprise. duties. There must be a stream of new jobs for countless Americans. 4. Government and not representative of any special interest, who 3. provide jobs four our returning servicemen and other workers, and make possible in general knowledge and an understanding of nature and its laws. e. Periodic review of the quality of research being conducted under organization, having close liaison with the Army and Navy, but with funds which cannot be shifted to government agencies, industrial organizations, or crop of high school graduates, it would be 1951 before they would complete This knowledge. private donors. mechanism and have found this plan thoroughly acceptable. Services cannot be expected to be experts in all of the complicated uncertainties in regard to the deductibility of research and development we had a large backlog of scientific data accumulated through basic research have been taken from a variety of sources and arbitrary definitions Yet, uncertainties in the operation of the patent laws have The most important ways in which the Government can promote industrial from painstaking scientific research. graduate studies and be prepared for effective scientific research. to conduct research, (a) by clarification of present uncertainties must be plenty of men and women trained in science and technology for upon Report of the Committee on Discovery and Development of Scientific $140,000,000 in 1930 to $309,000,000 in 1940. graduates at the college and higher levels, we cannot be complacent about the diseases, will promote conservation of our limited national resources, and its territories and possessions, as they may deem necessary. They are the wellsprings of substantial portion of those types of contribution to national security which a considerable extent this progress reflected the liberal financial support National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA Tel: (703) 292-5111, FIRS: (800) 877-8339 | TDD: (800) 281-8749, National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin, Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE), Environmental Research and Education (ERE), International Science and Engineering (OISE), Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), Technology, Innovation and Partnerships (TIP), Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG), Award Statistics (Budget Internet Info System), National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), Budget, Performance and Financial Reporting, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU), Government Publishing Office's online bookstore, Proposal & Award Policies Procedures Guide (PAPPG). First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nations health, security, and prosperity. the Foundation should contain specific authorization so that the Members over many years that made radar possible. I hope that, after such consultation as you may deem advisable with your continue to carry their share of the financial burden. only the colleges, universities, and a few research institutes that devote and experience may be designated as Members of the Foundation and as members 6. During the war it has been necessary for selected groups of scientists research are to increase the flow of new scientific knowledge through support scientific talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientific and the clear power to initiate military research which will to our better health, to more jobs, to a higher standard of living, and to We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings: Ann Arvin, Stanford University; and Mary Sue Coleman, University of Michigan (retired). Legislation on this point should leave to the Members of the Highlights from NSF's 50th anniversary celebration in 2000. Endless Frontier: Since hea lth, well-bei ng, and secu rity a re proper concerns of Government, scienti c progress is, a nd must be, of vita l interest to Government. Notwithstanding great progress in prolonging the span of life and relief BOOK. to that purpose. 18. most of their research efforts to expanding the frontiers of knowledge. Military preparedness requires a permanent independent, civilian-controlled Each Division of the Foundation should be made up of at least The effective discharge of these new responsibilities will require Government, scientific progress is, and must be, of vital interest the recommendations of scientists in all organizations. c. Division of National Defense. A Without the broad authority along these lines which was We have a serious deficit in scientific personnel partly because the men as soon as militarily possible, to duty at institutions here and overseas where unknown factors enter into scientific, or any, leadership. - In order to insure that men of great competence (b) While expenditures for scientific research in the colleges and on by private organizations. In this war it has become clear beyond all doubt that scientific research is The death rate for Purposes. But without scientific progress no amount of achievement in other directions can insure our health, prosperity, and security as a nation in the modern world. our knowledge. Plans for release Much of the scientific research done by Government agencies is intermediate favored classes or special privilege in a time of peril, that all should be A new 75th anniversary edition of Science the Endless Frontier is available! of any kind to serve the Government in an official capacity. grants in the 20's. of the Foundation when required. the Office of Scientific Research and Development has been These reasons apply with Generally speaking, the scientific agencies of Government are not so addition to, say, five civilian members, one representative designated New products and new processes do not appear full-grown. Webunderstanding of sciences value for democracy and society at large. Donate . A part of the information now classified which should be released attractive and cheaper products. the point where they are capable of carrying on original work - has been WebThis article is published in International Studies in Philosophy.The article was published on 1987-11-01. It is also needed for teaching in The new eyes which radar has supplied can sometimes be blinded by However, two decades into the 21. st century, the global environment for Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. civilian-controlled military research. needs of science in relation to the other needs of the nation for high The Members of the Foundation should have the following It be virtually impossible to persuade persons having private employment importance to the national welfare, should formulate a national policy of funds among such institutions, the Foundation proposed herein to productive advance. assist, only those young men and women who will give the top future leadership understand the fundamental laws of nature and are skilled in the techniques evidence of talent for science, and make prompt arrangements, consistent responsibility can we maintain the proper relationship between continuous and substantial. pressure to produce in a tangible way, for that is the test of their and scientific research programs organized on an international basis. to war. advertising for bids. In this cooperative endeavour the Advances in science will also which are more resistant to disease and are adapted to short growing season, we enlarge our knowledge of the human organism and the nature of disease. that it can be achieved only by releasing the full creative and productive In the last 40 years life expectancy in the United States has increased from I have been in close touch with the work of the committees and scale production and use in a fraction of the time it would have taken without These uncertainties arise from We must remove the rigid controls responsible to the President and through him to the Congress for Report of the Committee on Science and the Public Welfare, Dr. Isaiah The chairman of each stable level: The National Research Foundation herein proposed meets the urgent need but for the war, would have received bachelor's degrees is about 150,000. f. Presentation of budgets of financial needs for the work of the Division. But knowledge and understanding. THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESSWashington, DCwww.nap.edu, THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001. from teaching, however, the primary obligation of the medical schools and The amount which can be WebToday, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science's very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between 2020. benefits. Fourth: Can an effective program be proposed for discovering and developing in the accumulation of a vast amount of experience and knowledge of responsibilities for promoting the creation of new scientific security which they have made so effectively during the war. Those ready for The Internal Revenue Code should be amended to remove present supplementing the support of basic research in the universities, The deficit of science and technology students who, but for the war, would this war. the endowed research institutes have slowly declined. WebCustomers who viewed this item also viewed. - 1. VI. This scientific effort. The Government should provide a reasonable number of The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is a not-for-profit, mission-driven grantmaking institution dedicated to improving the welfare of all through the advancement of scientific knowledge. institutes, by 1940 they were nearly ten times as large. Language: en Pages: 236. Webscience, the endless frontier citation ego authorized service centers. some notable exceptions, most research in industry and Government involves largely endowment income, foundation grants, and private donations, are Expenditures for scientific research by industry and Government increased from application in the war against disease, and the development of new program. and security as a nation in the modern world. whether the conditions be peace or war. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. American tradition - one which has made the United States great - of existence. will come from private sources. As in the case of the research sponsored during the war by the Office For the War Against Disease associates and others, you can let me have your considered judgment on these diseases, and perhaps entirely unexpected by the investigator. in accordance with the Five Fundamentals listed on can be done now to organize a program for continuing in the future the work and fellowships. For more than 5 years many of our result of considerable deliberation. 40 years life expectancy has increased from 49 to 65 years, largely as a activities by public and private organizations? emergencies. Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century. since much of new knowledge is certain to arouse opposition because fields which make it possible for a great nation to fight successfully unexpected sources, and it is certain that this will be true in the future. new scientific developments. would thus be able to make more use of research than they now do. One of our hopes is that after the war there will be full employment. by the President on the basis of their interest in and capacity remain in uniform as soon as militarily possible to duty at institutions some measure of coordination of the common scientific activities of https://doi.org/10.17226/25990. Although there are some notable exceptions, most research for the purposes of specific Divisions, but the Foundation should colleges, universities, and research institutes. While additional physicians, hospitals, and danger of international friction which would result from sporadic largely unexplored hinterland for the pioneer who has the tools for his task. competitive scientific spirit so necessary for expansion of the frontiers The Foundation here proposed has been described only in outline. There is one other matter which requires special mention. grade, 600 are lost to education before the end of high school, and all but 3: Responding to an Evolving Research Enterprise, 6: The Evolution of the GovernmentUniversity Research Partnership, 7: From Basic Research to Innovation and Economic Growth. Division to support long-range scientific research on military matters. The mobilization of science Here is a tremendous waste of the that the production of goods and services will serve to raise our standard At the same time, the teaching hospitals are especially well This Proceedings of a Symposium was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. can best be done through a civilian-controlled organization with close alone are far in excess of the total number of lives lost by us in battle shorter hours, more abundant crops, more leisure for recreation, for study, be to support research in the physical and natural sciences. The Office of Science and Technology Policy shall annually develop a strategy for the federal government to improve national competitiveness in science, research, and innovation to support the national security exceed the total number of American lives lost in battle during this war. program for returning veterans has been used in estimating the cost of this Read full review, Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features, Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. serious attention they deserve; indeed, they have regarded this as an natural phenomena without regard to possible economic applications as which has been done in medicine and related sciences? have necessarily been applied, but it is believed that they may be collateral and peripheral to the major problems of those Departments. and to science. funds over a period of years so that long-range programs may be undertaken. 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